If you’re an international student planning to study in the United States, you’ve probably encountered the terms CPT and OPT. These are two crucial work authorization options for F-1 visa or status holders, and understanding how they work can open the door to valuable job experience during your studies or right after graduation.
In this article, we’ll break down what CPT and OPT are, how they differ, and how you can take advantage of both while studying in the USA after completing your English Program at Language Systems.
What Is CPT (Curricular Practical Training)?
CPT stands for Curricular Practical Training. It’s a type of work authorization that allows F-1 students to work off-campus while they’re still enrolled in a program of study.
But here’s the catch: the job must be integral to your academic program. That means it has to be connected to what you’re studying and approved by your school in advance.
Key facts about CPT:
- You must usually have completed at least one academic year before applying (except for graduate students whose programs require immediate CPT).
- It can be part-time (20 hours or less) or full-time (more than 20 hours).
- CPT is authorized by your school’s Designated School Official (DSO). You need a job offer before you apply.
Example: Let’s say you’re studying a Master’s in Business and want to intern at a marketing company in Los Angeles. If your internship is part of your program and approved by your DSO, it may qualify for CPT.
What Is OPT (Optional Practical Training)?
OPT stands for Optional Practical Training. It’s also for F-1 students, but OPT is different because it allows you to work during or after your studies and doesn’t have to be tied to a specific class.
There are two types of OPT:
- Pre-Completion OPT – Work authorization while you’re still a student.
- Post-Completion OPT – Authorization to work after you finish your program.
Key facts about OPT:
- You can use up to 12 months of OPT per education level.
- It must be related to your major.
- You apply through USCIS, and the process can take a few months.
- No job offer is needed at the time you apply.
Example: After graduating from the Master’s Business Program, you might use OPT to work full-time at a company in your field.
CPT and OPT: What’s the Difference?
This is one of the most common questions students in the USA ask, so let’s clarify things.
When Can You Apply?
CPT is available during your studies. You must already be enrolled and in good academic standing. OPT, on the other hand, can be used before or after graduation. That means you don’t have to take classes to be eligible.
Do You Need a Job Offer?
CPT requires a job offer before you can apply, as it must be directly connected to your academic program. OPT doesn’t require a job offer at the time of application, giving you more flexibility to search once approved.
Who Approves the Authorization?
CPT is approved by your school’s DSO (Designated School Official). OPT must be authorized by USCIS, which usually takes longer and requires submitting Form I-765.
How Long Can You Work?
The duration of CPT depends on your program and can vary. OPT is generally valid for up to 12 months, with an extension possible if you’re in a STEM field.
Type of Experience
CPT must be part of your curriculum, something required or strongly recommended by your program. OPT is more flexible, allowing you to gain optional practical experience in your field of study.
Processing Time
CPT is typically faster to process since your university handles it internally. OPT takes longer, often 2 to 3 months, due to USCIS processing times.
The big difference? CPT is part of your coursework; OPT is not.
Another important detail: if you use 12 months of full-time CPT, you become ineligible for OPT. So it’s essential to plan carefully with your advisor.
Can You Use Both CPT and OPT?
Yes, you can use both CPT and OPT, but with limitations.
If you use part-time CPT, it won’t affect your OPT eligibility. However, using full-time CPT for 12 months will make you ineligible for OPT at the same academic level.
Good strategy: Use part-time CPT during your program and save OPT for after graduation.
How to Apply for CPT and OPT
Now that you understand CPT and OPT, the next step is learning how to apply. While both processes involve paperwork and coordination with your school, they follow different paths. Below is a simple breakdown of how to get started with each one.
Applying for CPT
To apply for CPT, you’ll first need a job offer closely related to your major or program. This is essential because CPT must be connected to your academic curriculum. Once you have the offer, the next step is to speak with your university’s Designated School Official (DSO).
Your DSO will confirm that the opportunity qualifies for CPT and will guide you through the school’s application process. Once your application is approved, you’ll receive a new Form I-20 with your CPT authorization listed. Only after receiving this updated I-20 are you legally permitted to begin working.
Applying for OPT
The first step in applying for OPT is getting a recommendation from your DSO. They will issue a new I-20 confirming that you are eligible and intend to apply for Optional Practical Training.
You’ll then submit Form I-765 to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), along with your supporting documents, which include your updated I-20, passport, F-1 visa, and any other required materials. Once submitted, you must wait for your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) to arrive. Only after you receive your EAD can you begin working under OPT.
Tip: You can apply for OPT as early as 90 days before your program ends. Applying early gives you more flexibility and helps avoid delays.
Why CPT and OPT Matter for Your Career
Getting real-world experience in the U.S. job market is a huge advantage for international students. Whether a part-time internship during your ESL studies or a full-time job after graduation, CPT and OPT can boost your resume, expand your network, and prepare you for future opportunities.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Navigating CPT and OPT as an international student can feel overwhelming. We’ve answered some of the students’ most common questions. If you’re unsure how to proceed, this section is a great place to start.
Is CPT paid?
In most cases, yes! CPT positions are usually paid, especially internships or jobs with companies that offer formal training programs. However, there are situations where CPT opportunities may be unpaid, such as volunteer work or internships that prioritize learning experience over compensation.
Unpaid CPT can still be a valid and rewarding experience if the role meets the academic requirements and provides value to one’s education.
Can I apply for CPT and OPT at the same time?
Not exactly. You can’t apply for both CPT and OPT simultaneously, but you can plan to use both strategically. Many students begin with CPT while enrolled in their program and then transition to OPT after graduation.
It’s important to treat them as separate authorizations, each with its rules and application process. Talk to your DSO early to design a plan that best meets your goals.
STEM OPT extension (1 + 2 years OPT)?
If your OPT is nearing its end and you want to continue working in the U.S., you may be eligible for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, but only if your degree qualifies under the STEM category (Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics).
If you’re not in a STEM field, you might explore other visa options, such as an H-1B, or even consider enrolling in another academic program to maintain F-1 status. Always consult an immigration advisor to review your options based on your unique situation.
Do Language Systems students qualify for CPT or OPT?
Many international students start their journey at Language Systems to improve their English and later transition to academic or vocational programs that include CPT and OPT options in a university such as Western Covenant.
We’ll help guide you each step of the way so you can make informed decisions as you pursue your educational path.
Plan Your Future With Language Systems
If you’re considering studying English in the U.S. or are an LSI student, understanding CPT and OPT can help you make the most of your journey. These work opportunities give you more than a paycheck. They give you real experience, confidence, and a competitive edge.
At Language Systems, our advisors are here to guide you. Whether you’re just getting started with English or preparing for academic and career success, we can help you find the right path.Start your journey today. Explore our ESL programs or contact us for more information.
